Female Genital Mutilation: An Introduction (FGM)
National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers FGM Awareness and Education Project (NOCIRC), et al.
... practiced in ... ( ... two Yemens, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Jordan, Syria, and Southern Algeria) ... Kenya, Nigeria, Mali, Upper Volta, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Mozambique, and Sudan
... it is not an exclusively Islamic practice ... it is performed by Muslims, Coptic Christians, members of various indigenous groups, Protestants, and Catholics, to name a few ...
"Sunna" circumcision: Consists of the removal of the prepuce and / or the tip of the clitoris. Sunna in Arabic means "tradition" ...
Infibulation: (also referred to as pharaonic circumcision) This most extreme form ...
FGM is also entering the United States with some immigrants who are holding on to their customs and identify ...
Because of the large number of cases of FGM and some of the deaths it has caused, FGM is now outlawed in some European countries (Britain, France, Sweden, and Switzerland) and some African countries (Egypt, Kenya, Senegal)
... FGM is currently illegal in many countries in Africa and the Middle East ... World Health Organization has considered FGM to be a violation of Human Rights and have made recommendations to eradicate this ...
Episiotomy: Ritual Genital Mutilation in Western Obstetrics
J. Hughes, Ph.D. et al., ChangeSurfer Consulting
The practice of routinely cutting the perineum during hospital deliveries in the United States, episiotomy,
has been shown to be the principal risk factor for severe tearing during delivery, which is the injury that
it is supposed to prevent ... Given the completely unscientific, ritual approach obstetricians have to this
practice, it illuminates the Western outrage over ritual genital mutilation of girls and women in East Africa ...
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Last Updated: 2008/1/07
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